Anatomy

The brain stem (truncus encephali) is the area of ​​the brain that is located under the diencephalon. These include the midbrain, the bridge and the elongated spinal cord. What is the brain stem? The brain stem is the section below

The heart is made up of four cavities, two heart chambers and two atria. The atrium is also known as the heart atrium or atrium cordis.

T lymphocytes are part of the white blood cells that are responsible for the immune system. Their main function is to detect and combat pathological changes in the cell turn in the form of viruses or bacteria

As the primary organ of the lymphatic system, the thymus plays an important role in the human immune system. The T lymphocytes responsible for the acquired immune system mature within the thymus.

Killer cells are part of the immune system. As so-called cytotoxic T cells (acquired immune system) or as natural killer cells (innate immune system), they recognize cells foreign to the body and modified body cells such as cancer cells

The sheath of the neurites of a nerve cell, which can be up to one meter long, is called myelin sheath. The myelin sheath protects the nerve fiber, insulates it electrically and allows much faster transmission speeds than non-myelinated fibers

The collarbone is a comparatively thin bone of the shoulder girdle that is extremely prone to fractures due to its exposed position directly under the skin. Clavicle fractures are the most common bone fractures at 10 to 15 percent

The shoulder girdle is probably one of the most elegant regions of the human body: By cleverly combining bones and muscles, nature has really got the maximum range of motion out of the joint. Play the main character

Breathing is one of the most important processes in the human body. Although it is processed through the lungs so that it can run optimally, the function of the respiratory muscles is important. Complaints can cause limitations

Muscle fibers form the basic cellular and working unit of all human skeletal muscles. They can have a length of less than 1 mm to 50 cm with a thickness of about 0.01 to 0.2 mm. Multiple muscle fibers become muscle fiber bundles

The mechanoreceptors are sensory cells that enable feeling by converting mechanical stimuli such as pressure, stretching, touch and vibration into the body's own stimuli and transmitting them to the brain via nerve pathways.

The medulla oblongata is the most caudal part of the brain and is also known as the medullary brain. This brain region is best known as the center of breathing, reflexes and blood circulation. Failures of the medulla oblongata are associated with brain death

DNA is considered to be the holy grail of genetics and evolutionary biology alike. Complex life on this planet is unthinkable without DNA as the carrier of genetic information.

The reticular formation is a network of nerves in the human brain, which consists of gray and white matter (substantia alba and substantia grisea) and runs through the entire brain stem. It extends to the spinal cord and consists of extensive ones

Functionally and topographically, the adrenal gland is divided into the adrenal cortex (cortex glandulae suprarenalis) and the adrenal medulla (medulla glandulae suprarenalis). The adrenal medulla forms the smaller part of the adrenal gland. In the marrow of the

The hippocampus is one of the most important structures in the brain. A special feature is that each half of the brain (hemisphere) has its own hippocampus. This acts as a central switching station.

The vocal folds are tissue structures in the larynx that contribute a large part to voice formation. The vocal folds and the glottis between them regulate both the volume and the pitch of the voice. Will the voice

The peritoneum is a thin skin, also known as the peritoneum, in the area of ​​the abdomen and at the beginning of the pelvis. It is raised in folds and covers the internal organs. The peritoneum supplies the organs and produces a viscous fluid

Synapses are the connection points between nerve cells and sensory, muscle or gland cells or between two or more nerve cells. They are used to transmit signals and stimuli. The stimulus is usually transmitted chemically by means of neurotransmitters

The upper jaw is the largest bone in the skull. It forms the counterpart to the lower jaw.