Anatomy

The accessory nerve is a motor nerve known as the eleventh cranial nerve. It has two different branches and motor innervates the sternocleidomastoid and trapezius muscles. Damage to the nerve can lead to a

The external jugular vein is a vein in the human neck. It is also known as the external jugular vein. Their course is perpendicular along the neck.

The sternocleidomastoid muscle is also known as the large head turner and is one of the ventrally superficial neck muscles that lie between the sternum, base of the skull and clavicle. The main task of the muscles present on both sides is

The platysma is a skin muscle that is located on the neck. Located between the superficial neck fascia and the skin, there is no direct contact between it and the skeleton. The muscle belonging to the mimic muscles becomes

The cervical fascia consists of three distinct layers and a further fascia that envelops the most important parallel cervical arteries, the most important head and neck vein and the vagus nerve. Those composed of collagen and elastin

The transversus colli nerve is a purely sensitive nerve in the neck and chest region. It arises from the spinal cord segments C1 and C2. In the event of damage to the nerve or the spinal cord, it can lead to a complete loss of skin sensations

The supraclavicular nerve sits in the plexus of the neck and corresponds to several sensitive nerve branches. The nerve innervates different parts of the skin in the neck, chest and shoulder region. A failure of the nervi supraclaviculares leads to sensory disturbances

Arterioles are the smallest of the visible arteries that are found in the entire vascular system of the body. Here they represent the transition from the arteries to the capillaries. But they are not only there to surround the arteries with the capillaries

The trapezius muscle, the trapezius muscle, is also known as the hood muscle due to its location and anatomical shape. It consists of three parts.

The cervical plexus is a network of nerves of the spinal cord that is located in the neck region and is made up of mixed nerve fibers. For example, the plexus is just as involved in the sensitive innervation of the skin as it is in the

The hypoglossal nerve is the twelfth cranial nerve. The motor nerve innervates the tongue muscles. When the nerve is paralyzed, speech and swallowing disorders occur.

The central canal or canalis centralis is a tubular structure that runs through the spinal cord and extends into the elongated medulla (medulla oblongata). Errors in embryonic development can result in neural tube defects; an example

The patellar retinaculum is an important part of the ligament system that is responsible for holding the kneecap. The most important function is to prevent patellar luxation.

Transthyretin is a transport protein for thyroid hormones found in all vertebrates. It is synthesized in the liver and in certain areas of the brain. Specific genetic changes in transthyretin can lead to amyloidosis

Many substances have to be distributed in the body to maintain vital functions. Since these substances alone cannot cope with the path within a time compatible with life, nature created the blood for this task

Choroid plexus is the name for a plexus of veins that is located in the cavity system of the brain. The plexus is important for the production of liquor.

Liquor is the body fluid that constantly flows around the brain and spinal cord in the so-called inner and outer liquor space. It is a system of interconnected cavities. The liquor is renewed up to four times

The precuneus is a part of the cerebrum. It is located at the level of the back of the head, directly under the skull. Together with the hippocampus, it takes on tasks in the learning process.

The nucleus accumbens is a relatively small part of the brain. It establishes a connection between the putamen and the caudate nucleus. Its main task is to regulate the reward system.

The parahippocampal gyrus is a turn of the cerebral cortex. It belongs to the limbic system, contributes to memory processes and plays an important role in visual recognition.