Anatomy

The central nervous system (CNS) (also: central nervous system) is primarily responsible for sending impulses and messages. Stimuli are received from the environment and passed on to the brain. The nerves give impetus so that the K

Humans are mammals and have been endowed by nature with astonishingly perfect working lungs, which are needed for breathing. The lungs are therefore one of the organs that are vital and, under certain conditions, also become ill

Doctors and former patients say that healthy digestion is possible even without a gallbladder. In the following article we will try to answer whether the gall bladder is really as superfluous as it seems.

Receptors receive stimuli and signals from the environment and pass them on for processing. In biochemistry certain biomolecules and in physiology the sensory cells function as receptors.

The tooth pulp is understood to mean the inside of the tooth. It is also called tooth pulp.

Nerve fibers are structures in the nervous system that arise as thin, elongated extensions from the cell body of the nerve cells. They act as a kind of power line by transmitting electrical impulses and establishing a network between the neurons

The ileum is the last section of the small intestine that is separated from the large intestine by what is known as the ileocecal valve. On the other hand, however, it emerges from the jejunum without a sharp border.

A cell organelle is called a mitochondrion, which, in addition to other functions, is primarily involved in the energy supply of the cell via the adenosine triphosphate metabolism. Mitochondria have their own genetic material in the form of mitochondrial

The pyramidal tract is the longest nerve tract in the body and transmits motor impulses from the first motor neuron in the brain to the second motor neuron in the spinal cord. It thus plays a major role in voluntary motor skills and is part of the pyramidal system

Ever since humans rose above monkeys and found their way upright, the human foot has become extremely complex and functional. The foot consists of the tarsus, the five toes, the metatarsus and the sole of the foot located there.

The ball of the big toe is a functionally important area on the sole of the foot. It plays an important role in the statics of the foot.

The calf muscles in the narrower sense are made up of the two-headed calf muscle and the clod muscle. The main task of the calf muscles is to bend the foot downwards, an extremely important function when walking, running and jumping

A tarsal bone is called an ankle bone. It connects the foot with the lower leg.

The hip joint is one of the central movement organs in humans. On the one hand, it helps the leg to move properly and, on the other hand, it ensures an elegant gait pattern. The use of the hip joint plays an enormous role in almost every day

The skeletal muscles and the smooth visceral muscles are controlled by motor neurons that descend efferent from the CNS. The motor neurons are thus responsible for both reflex motor skills and all voluntary motor skills. Damage to the central

Stem cells are considered to be the precursors of body cells and can divide almost indefinitely. A wide variety of cell types develop from them.

T lymphocytes are part of the white blood cells that are responsible for the immune system. Their main function is to detect and combat pathological changes in the cell turn in the form of viruses or bacteria

The ankle joint, also known as the ankle, is an important joint that connects the foot and calf. The ankle is actually a pleasant “contemporary”: it usually works well for a lifetime, is hardly noticeable, and

Killer cells are part of the immune system. As so-called cytotoxic T cells (acquired immune system) or as natural killer cells (innate immune system), they recognize cells foreign to the body and modified body cells such as cancer cells

The cell (Latin cellula) forms the smallest unit of life. Humans are made up of many different types of cells that differ in appearance and function. What is a cell? Some organisms, like bacteria, just exist